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Thursday, April 2, 2009

Oil Futures Contracts Make a Sound Investment

By Derek Powell

Invest in oil futures contracts as they offer various trading options and solid risk management. Among all commodities, light sweet crude oil, which is commonly used in heating oil, gasoline, jet fuel and diesel fuel, is the most popular worldwide. As such, it is traded rather aggressively.

Oil futures contracts carry a legally binding agreement to purchase or sell a set amount of oil at a predetermined price. This price is projected and based on supply and demand. The price of oil fluctuates daily in a volatile market. Investors have the option of settling for cash or arranging for the delivery of actual oil to a set location.

Trading in oil futures contracts is specified in units of barrels. Usually this involves a number of grades, which are used both in the United States and internationally. a standard contract equates to 1000 barrels of oil, but for investment portfolios, the agreement usually relates to 500 barrels of crude oil, i.e. half the size of a standard futures contract

The major exchanges for oil futures contracts are the New York Mercantile Exchange and the Intercontinental Exchange. Trading could be for oil delivery in a few months or several years in the future. Typically, three months is the norm for a contract.

There are several types of oil futures contracts. With a short hedge contract, investors buy futures to sell oil. In a long hedge agreement, investors buy futures to buy oil. Generally, a portfolio would include a mix of both. For several years, there has been increased interest in oil among investors who consider them a viable option to stocks and bonds.

Oil futures contracts are often used in risk management of portfolios. Investors, by buying or selling a security, purchase or sell a future security with the opposite risk. In this way losses and gains counterbalance each other and also balance the risk in a portfolio between current and future market prices. It goes without saying that a more balanced a portfolio, the less risk there is for a major loss.

Oil futures contracts are commonly used for hedging, most especially amongst businesses that make products or offer services that use oil, in particular utility companies and airlines. Whilst it is difficult to set a price for these products or services buying or selling futures contracts in this way helps to reduce the risk and overcome the constant fluctuations in pricing.

Investors who hope to make a profit based on future prices will often speculate with oil futures contracts. Banks and other financial institutions generally make up the majority of speculators and are thus important to the trading market. - 23229

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